![]() You can get a much more advanced radio for just under $200, and there's a thriving secondary market of devices on sites like Craigslist and eBay. Incremental steps forward in equipment won't break the bank, either. Of course, there are higher-end options available, but the great thing about ham radio is that you really only need airway access and a license. It's a great starter radio for those just getting into the hobby. There are no hidden costs, no ads and no terms of service. It is available on Android, Linux, MacOS and Windows. Retroshare is entirely free and open-source software. As a result, you can now get a perfectly viable hand-held radio for under $70. Retroshare is fully decentralized, and designed to provide maximum security and anonymity to its users beyond direct friends. They've done for ham radio what Huawei and Xiaomi did for smartphones, essentially lowering the cost to make them affordable for all. One Chinese maker of amateur radio handsets is Baofeng. ![]() This is largely thanks to the deluge of cheap handsets that have flooded the market. In recent years, it's become a much more affordable hobby. AMTOR is a special form of RTTY that provides error detection and correction.If you're put off by the potential entry cost of becoming a "ham," you're going to want to pay attention here. Other Modes Many other data modes are available for experimentation, including Pactor and Clover that enhance packet operation, and MFSK, Olivia, Throb, DominoEX, MT63, and Thor which are other modes mainly for PC/soundcard operation.It is still a popular communications mode, but now uses PCs for coding and decoding, using 170 Hz frequency shift keying at a 45.45 baud rate - 60 words per minute. RTTY (radio teletype) is the original keyboard to keyboard mode, based on the 5-bit Baudot code, began with mechanical Teletypes as mentioned above.Contact a contributor if you can help or have any other contributions. Resembling a telephone directory and contains the name and addressees of licensed ham radio stations. PSK31 occupies very small bandwidths (approximately 100 Hz) and offers effective communication at low power. A directory of amateur radio station call signs. PSK31 (or BPSK31, Binary Phase Shift Keying 31.25 Hz) Probably the most popular keyboard to keyboard digital mode today, PSK31 is normally generated and decoded using PC soundcards with one of many available software packages.Transmission speeds typically range from 300 bps on the HF bands to 12 bps on VHF or UHF. The basic protocol for packet radio is AX.25. This allows improved throughput and error control. Packet - One of the first "modern" digital modes, packet radio transmits data in groups or "packets" of 10s or 100s of bytes. ![]() Gary ZL2iFB has written an FT8 Operating Guide. The WSJT-X software can be downloaded from Joe Taylor's web site.
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